Breastfeeding has wonderful health benefits for mothers and babies. It is natural, but complex and there are many factors that influence milk production. To give you an idea of potential conditions that could influence your milk supply, we put together this list to help you prepare for breastfeeding already during your pregnancy.

Given the specialized support these conditions necessitate, we strongly advise scheduling a prenatal appointment with a nearby IBCLC Lactation Consultant. This ensures you'll receive the necessary assistance and support postpartum for both you and your baby. To find an IBCLC Lactation Consultant in Germany, click here: https://www.bdl-stillen.de/fachpersonal/stillberatungssuche/, or for worldwide IBCLC consultants, click here: https://iblce.org/public-registry/

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

As PCOS affects hormone levels, it can also impact milk supply. However, many parents with PCOS produce plenty of milk for their baby and some even may experience overproduction. Breastfeeding challenges can be better addressed with preparation and proper lactation support, therefore it is beneficial for mothers with a PCOS to work closely with a lactation consultant, who can provide valuable guidance on breastfeeding techniques, positions, and strategies and who can assist in managing milk supply concerns and addressing any difficulties related to breastfeeding positions or latch.

Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism)

Thyroid dysfunctions can have significant effects on breastfeeding, including milk supply and milk removal and some healthcare providers may not be aware of the impact of thyroid issues on breastfeeding.

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, hormone production, and overall body function. When thyroid function is disrupted, it can impact milk production and composition, as well as reduce oxytocin and impair letdown reflex, leading to challenges for breastfeeding mothers. If you are currently undergoing treatment for thyroid dysfunction during your pregnancy,  it is recommended that you request a thyroid evaluation as soon as you can after delivery and again at your scheduled 6-week check-up at your gynecologist. Timely assessment and appropriate intervention can help address any potential thyroid-related issues and support optimal breastfeeding outcomes.

It is beneficial for mothers with a thyroid disorder to also work closely with a lactation consultant, who can provide valuable guidance on breastfeeding techniques, positions, and strategies and who can assist in managing milk supply concerns and addressing any difficulties related to breastfeeding positions or latch.

Gestational or Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes can affect breastfeeding. Both conditions are associated with insulin resistance, which can impact milk production and the overall breastfeeding experience for mothers.

In gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, some women may have a higher risk of delayed lactogenesis (milk "coming in" later than expected) and experience lower milk production in the early postpartum period. However, with appropriate management of blood sugar levels and lactation support through an IBCLC consultant, most women with gestational diabetes are able to establish successful breastfeeding.

Type 2 diabetes, which typically develops later in life, can also influence breastfeeding. Similar to gestational diabetes, insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes can impact milk supply. If you experience any breastfeeding challenges, we suggest reaching out to an IBCLC lactation consultant. 

It is beneficial for mothers with diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals, including lactation consultants, to manage their condition and ensure adequate breastfeeding support. In addition to your healthcare provider focusing on healthy blood sugar levels, a lactation consultant can provide valuable guidance on breastfeeding techniques, positions, and strategies to overcome breastfeeding challenges associated with diabetes. They can also assist in managing milk supply concerns and addressing difficulties related to breastfeeding positions or latch.

Diabetes Type 1

Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, requiring the use of additional insulin to meet the body's requirements. During pregnancy, individuals with type 1 diabetes may experience lower levels of prolactin and human placental lactogen, which can potentially affect breast tissue development and lactation. Mothers with type 1 diabetes can successfully breastfeed with proper management and support. Ensuring minimal separation after birth, early and frequent nursing of their baby, close monitoring of blood sugar levels, careful management of hypoglycemia risks, and collaborative care from healthcare professionals, including endocrinologists and lactation consultants, are essential in optimizing the mother’s breastfeeding experience and promoting the well-being of both the parent and their baby.

Endometriosis

As endometriosis is linked to hormonal disruptions, particularly in estrogen and progesterone levels, these imbalances may potentially affect milk supply in some women. Despite these potential challenges, many women with endometriosis successfully breastfeed their babies. Breastfeeding preparation and proper lactation support prove to be beneficial for mothers with endometriosis. Therefore working closely with a lactation consultant (IBCLC) can provide valuable guidance on breastfeeding techniques, positions, and strategies and assist in managing milk supply concerns and addressing any difficulties related to breastfeeding positions or latch once the baby arrives.

Mental Health Illness

As the emotional well-being of the mother plays a crucial role in breastfeeding success and her overall breastfeeding experience, it is beneficial to speak to your healthcare provider and an IBCLC lactation consultant about managing your mental health concerns while supporting your breastfeeding goals.

Past Breast Surgery or Injury

Breast surgery, whether for cosmetic or medical reasons, or breast injury (trauma, burns, chest tube insertion in infancy, etc) can impact breastfeeding. However, many parents who’ve had breast surgery or injury are able to produce milk. The amount of milk that you can produce will be determined based on the amount of damage to the ducts and nerves, the functionality of the milk glands and the amount of time since the surgery or injury.

History of Breast Cancer Disease

The history of cancer can potentially impact breastfeeding after the birth of a baby, depending on various factors such as the type of cancer, the treatment received, and the individual's specific health circumstances. Here are some considerations:

• Cancer Treatment: Certain cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy or certain chemotherapy drugs, can have long-term effects on breast tissue and milk production. These treatments may cause damage to the mammary glands, which may affect the ability to produce an adequate milk supply.

• Surgery: Surgical procedures involving the breasts, such as a mastectomy or lumpectomy, may impact the milk ducts and tissue necessary for breastfeeding. The extent of surgery and any subsequent reconstruction can influence breastfeeding ability.

• Hormonal Factors: Some cancers, particularly hormone-sensitive cancers like estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, may be influenced by hormonal changes during breastfeeding. In such cases, healthcare providers may recommend alternative feeding options or delayed breastfeeding to minimize potential risks.

• Medications: Certain cancer medications may be excreted into breast milk and could potentially be harmful to the baby. Depending on the specific medication, breastfeeding may be contraindicated or require careful monitoring and consideration of the risks and benefits.

Given these considerations, it is crucial for individuals with a history of cancer to consult with their healthcare provider and/or an experienced lactation consultant (IBCLC). They can provide personalized guidance based on the individual's specific medical history, treatment details, and current health status. Together, you can discuss the potential impact on breastfeeding, explore feeding options and develop a safe and suitable breastfeeding plan that takes into account your unique circumstances and the well-being of both you and your baby.

Disclaimer: Please remember that we are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice and should not be relied on as health advice.